Enabling In-Line Process Control for Hybrid Bonding Applications
As demand grows for high-performance computing (HPC) and AI-driven applications, manufacturers are turning to hybrid bonding to enable the ultra-dense 3D integration required for next-generation chip architectures. This advanced packaging technology presents significant process challenges. Surface preparation must be precisely controlled to eliminate particles, excess recess, and copper pad dishing, all of which can compromise bond quality. During pre-annealing, particle-induced gaps and wide bonding gaps can prevent proper wafer contact. Post-annealing, the formation of dielectric and metal voids introduces further risks to electrical performance and long-term reliability.
